Physical therapists use exercise to improve patients’ quality of life. Their patients have medical conditions or injuries that affect function and movement and are referred to a physical therapist who helps manage and prevent these conditions through stretching, exercise, hands-on therapy, equipment, and more. Physical therapists are trained to observe patients, understand their needs, and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment plans so they can help their patients as best they can.

Most schools require you to submit your application through the Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service (PTCAS). Although exact requirements will vary, common application requirements are as follows:

Additionally, many programs require prerequisite coursework, which can vary significantly by program and may include courses in anatomy and physiology, bio, chem, physics, social sciences, stats, math, exercise physiology, medical terminology, and writing. Check to see what each school requires.

You must apply to a Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) accredited DPT program (or foreign equivalent) to become certified. Graduates of non-accredited US programs cannot be certified, and master’s degrees are no longer accepted as a means to become a certified physical therapist.

Check out available physical therapy scholarships.

Once you are admitted into an accepted doctor of physical therapy program, you can begin completing your degree. According to the American Physical Therapist Association (APTA), a DPT typically takes 3 years to complete and consists of 80% classroom and lab work and 20% clinical education. Although curriculum will vary by program, here is what you can expect:

Coursework is designed to give students a strong science background and to prepare them to manage their businesses and keep their practices up to date with current research. According to the American Physical Therapy Association, the following topics are frequently part of a DPT curriculum:

While completing your DPT program, you will participate in hands on lab work where you gain hands on physical therapy experience.

As you complete your DPT degree, you will complete multiple clinical experiences or internships where you work in a physical therapy setting supervised by a physical therapist. These experiences often take place off campus. Requirements for clinical experience will vary by school, but on average a final clinical experience is 27.5 weeks in length.

To become certified as a physical therapist in your state, you are required to pass the National Physical Therapy Examination. In order to sit for this exam, a candidate must be approved by both the state and the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT). To be approved to sit for the exam, one must meet the following requirements:

Those educated in a foreign country will need to meet these additional requirements:

Requirements to get approval from your state to take the exam (in addition to a mandatory CAPTE-accredited degree) can be found below. Note that fees do not include the above exam fee and may be a combination of several fees, including application fee, criminal background check, and jurisprudence exam fees, depending on the state. Jurisprudence exams may be part of a state’s application to sit for the exam, or may be completed after gaining approval to take the exam. There may also be additional requirements for applying for certification not listed in the table, such as professional liability insurance or references. Always reach out to your state directly to understand the application process, as it varies from state to state.

Fee amounts and requirements listed in the table below are approximate and were last updated in December 2025. Always verify current fees and requirements directly with your state board before applying.

Approximate fees generally reflect state application/licensure fees and may not include third-party NPTE, Prometric, or vendor background-check costs.

Once you are approved to take the exam, you can schedule your exam date with Prometric. The NPTE for physical therapists is a computer-based exam with 225 multiple-choice questions administered over about five hours. Scores are reported on a 200–800 scale, and you must earn at least 600 to pass.

After passing the exam, your state will issue you your license. Typically, because you have already applied to the state for approval to sit for the exam, you do not need to take any more steps after passing. Again, check with your state to make sure they do not need any additional information.

Physical therapists can pursue board certification through the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties in areas such as cardiovascular & pulmonary, clinical electrophysiology, geriatrics, neurology, oncology, orthopaedics, pediatrics, sports, women’s health, and wound management. Board certification usually requires either a residency or at least 2,000 hours of clinical practice in the specialty, plus passing an exam.

If you are interested in specialization, you can apply for a clinical residency, where you can improve your knowledge in a specialized area of physical therapy to prepare to provide services in that area. In a clinical residency you are supervised by a PT in the specialty you are interested in who serves as your mentor. This residency helps to develop the scientific inquiry skills needed in advanced practice.

Fellowships are designed for those who already demonstrate expertise in a specific area of the physical therapy profession. Most of the time, those who complete fellowships have already completed a residency. Fellowships provide advanced instruction in a subspecialty of physical therapy practice. Like with residencies, fellowships have a strong mentorship component. Fellowships connect fellows with communities that provide opportunities for advanced experience and learning.

Physical therapists can choose to increase their credentials through certification in one of several physical therapy specialties, including cardiovascular, electrophysiology, geriatrics, neurology, oncology, orthopaedics, pediatrics, sports, and women’s health. In order to become board-certified, one must either have worked 2,000 hours in a specialty over the 10 preceding years or have had a residency in the specialty. Additionally, a person looking to be board-certified must pass an exam.

Information last updated: December 2025